The Indian Ocean region is one of the world’s strategically important maritime regions due to its trade routes, energy transportation, and geopolitical significance.  From 2000 to 2020, there were many challenges and issues faced by this region, including piracy, international terrorism, illegal fishing, and trafficking, increased need for regional co-operation among India, the Maldives, Sri-Lanka, and Mauritius. 

Research methodology: This study uses a qualitative research methodology based on secondary sources, including books, academic journals, government reports, and policy documents. A comparative and analytical approach is applied to examine bilateral and multilateral maritime initiatives, naval cooperation, intelligence sharing, and regional security frameworks during 2000-2020.

Results: The findings show that maritime cooperation among these countries improved regional security and strengthened maritime governance. India played a major role through naval training, surveillance assistance, joint exercises, and capacity-building programs. Collaborative efforts successfully addressed threats such as piracy, smuggling, and maritime terrorism while enhancing trust and coordination among regional partners.