The Viksit Bharat 2047 vision represents India’s ambitious political and developmental aspiration to emerge as a developed nation by the centenary of its independence in 2047. This review examines the philosophical underpinnings, institutional implications, and policy frameworks surrounding this vision from a political science perspective. It situates the vision within historical debates on state development, institutional reform, democratic governance, human capital formation, and global leadership. Through a structured literature review, we highlight key debates in the academic and policy domains, identify research gaps, and propose future research directions. Drawing from both national policy documents and scholarly analyses, the article argues that Viksit Bharat 2047 transcends mere economic metrics to encompass inclusive governance, social equity, sustainable development, and enhanced global influence. Achieving this requires robust political institutions, effective public policy design, and participatory democratic processes. This review concludes by advocating for a multidimensional analytical framework that synthesizes political theory, governance studies, and development policy to assess India’s progress toward this long-term goal.