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VOL. 7, ISSUE 6 (2025)
Assessing implementation gaps in Jakarta’s elder care system" focus on area: Case study on policy-to-practice gap in Jakarta
Authors
Dinni Agustin, Evelyn B. Valencia
Abstract
Rapid population aging in low- and
middle-income countries (LMICs) is placing unprecedented pressure on urban
social systems, yet policy implementation for elder care remains critically
underexamined. This study investigates the policy-to-practice gap in Jakarta’s
elder care system through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 42
peer-reviewed studies from LMIC urban contexts (2000–2024), guided by the
Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). While Indonesia’s
national Elderly Welfare Law (No. 13/1998) and Jakarta’s Regional Medium-Term
Development Plan (2020–2024) articulate strong commitments to elder protection
and age-inclusive infrastructure, a stark disconnect persists between policy
intent and service delivery. Thematic synthesis reveals five recurrent
barriers: (1) rigid, standardized interventions misaligned with the realities
of informal urban economies; (2) exclusionary eligibility criteria such as
mandatory family sponsorship and formal identification that marginalize undocumented
and socially isolated elders; (3) institutional fragmentation across health,
social welfare, and urban planning agencies; (4) chronic under-resourcing and
lack of geriatric training among frontline workers; and (5) top-down planning
with minimal participation from older adults. Jakarta, though absent from the
empirical literature, exemplifies these global patterns, with less than 1% of
its 1.2 million older residents accessing formal care services. The study
contributes theoretically by proposing adaptations to CFIR to better account
for urban informality and documentation-based exclusion in LMICs, and
practically by offering Jakarta and comparable megacities a diagnostic
framework for closing implementation gaps. Findings underscore that effective
elder care requires not new policies, but institutional integration,
participatory governance, and a redefinition of urban citizenship that includes
all older residents, regardless of status or visibility.
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Pages:136-141
How to cite this article:
Dinni Agustin, Evelyn B. Valencia "Assessing implementation gaps in Jakarta’s elder care system" focus on area: Case study on policy-to-practice gap in Jakarta". International Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Vol 7, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 136-141
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